The 15-puzzle of Sam Loyd

The 15-puzzleis a sliding puzzle that consists of a frame of numbered square tiles in random order with one tile missing. Starting from the initial position of pic.1 we apply a finite number of planar reordering in such way that the bottom right square is not filled.

Diagram2

Every such reordering is a permutation of {1,2,…,15} , which is an element of S_{15}. So the set G of all the permutations is a group of order 15.

The reordering is done by the means of the altering permutations (i,j) like pic.2

15_puzzle

Which are all the possible re orderings ? The answer is that G is equal to the group of even permutations. So G\leq A_{16}\cap S_{15} = A_{15}